Osmosis and Diffusion Essay

The basic principles of Osmosis and Diffusion were tested and examined in this lab. We examined the percent increase of mass and molarity of different concentrations of sucrose in the dialysis bag emerged in distilled water and the potato cores emerged in concentrations of sucrose. The data reinforces the principles of Osmosis and Diffusion, and in a biological context, we can simulate how water and particles move in and out of our own cells. Introduction Objective: 1. Investigate the process of osmosis and diffusion in a model of a membrane system. 2. Investigate the effect of solute concentration on water potential as it relates to living plant tissue. Background Information: Molecules are in constant motion; they tend to move from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration. This broad principle is divided into two categories: diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This is considered a passive form of transportation because it does not require any additional energy to transport the molecules. In the body, carbon dioxide and oxygen can diffuse across cell membranes. Osmosis is a special type of diffusion where water moves through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential. In our body, water diffuses across cell membranes through osmosis. Water potential is the measure of free energy of water in a solution and is shown with the use of the symbol ÃŽ ¨. Water potential is affected by two factors: osmotic potential (ÃŽ ¨Ãâ‚¬) and pressure potential (ÃŽ ¨p). Osmotic potential is dependent on the solute concentration, and pressure potential which is the energy that forms from exertion of pressure either positive or negative on a solution. The equation to find the sum of water potential is: Water Potential = Pressure Potential + Osmotic Potential ÃŽ ¨w = ÃŽ ¨p + ÃŽ ¨Ãâ‚¬ The purpose of this lab is to observe the physical effects of osmosis and diffusion and to determine if it actually takes place. We hypothesize that, because molecules diffuse down a concentration gradient, the mass of the dialysis tubes will increase, and we believe that as the molarity increases, the percent of change in mass will also increase. Hypothesis: Diffusion and osmosis will occur until dynamic equilibrium is reached. As the sucrose concentration of the solution increases so will the mass. Materials Exercise 1: 1. 6 strips of dialysis tubing 2. Distilled water 15-20ml 3. 0.4 M sucrose 15-20ml 4. 0.8 M sucrose 15-20ml 5. 0.2 M sucrose 15-20ml 6. 0.6 M sucrose 15-20ml 7. 1.0 M sucrose 15-20ml 8. 6 Beakers Exercise 2: 1. 100ml of distilled water 2. 100ml of 0.4 M sucrose 3. 100ml of 0.8 M sucrose 4. 100ml of 0.2 M sucrose 5. 100ml of 0.6 M sucrose 6. 100ml of 1.0 M sucrose 7. 6 Beakers 8. Potato slices (4 for each solution) 9. Scale 10. Plastic wrap 11. Thermometer Methods Exercise 1: 1. Obtain 6 strips of dialysis tubing and tie a knot in one end of each. 2. Pour approximately 15-20ml of each of the following solutions into separate bags. 3. Remove most of the air from the bag and tie the baggie. 4. Rinse the baggie carefully in distilled water to remove any sucrose that may have spilled and carefully blot. 5. Record the mass of each baggie and record. 6. Fill six 250ml beakers 2/3 full with distilled water and place a bag in each of them. Make sure that you record which baggie is which. 7. Let the bag sit for 20-30 minutes. 8. After 20-30 minutes, remove baggies from the water, and carefully blot dry. 9. Measure the mass of each baggie and record. Exercise 2: 1. Pour 100ml of your assigned solution into a beaker. Slice a potato into 4 equal lengths about the shape of French fries or tubes. 2. Determine the mass of the 4 potato cylinders together and record. 3. Place the cylinders into the beaker with your assigned solutions and cover with plastic wrap. Leave overnight. 4. Remove the cylinders from the beakers and carefully dry them. Record the room temperature in Celsius. 5. Determine the mass of the 4 potato cylinders together and record. From these results, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is justified and correct. The data shows that the mass increased as the concentration of the sucrose solution increased. Osmosis is clearly being replicated in the physical form. Analysis Change in mass depends on the concentration of sucrose within the dialysis bags. If the concentration of sucrose is greater inside the bag than outside, then water will move into the bag. If the concentration of sucrose is lower inside the bag than outside, then water will move out of the bag. These two things are directly proportional. As the mass increases, so does the molarity. These are inversely proportional because whenever the sucrose molarity inside the bag is more concentrated, it will become more dilute and vise versa. The solutions will reach equilibrium somewhere between the two concentrations. The hypothesis is accepted based on the data that was obtained because as the sucrose concentration increased so did the final mass of the solutions. One possible source of error could be the tightness of the string that tied off the dialysis tubing. If there was a leak or a break in the dialysis tubing, all of the data would be off. Another possible source of error could be that the students did not pat dry the potato sample well enough causing drops to be left on the electronic balance, tarring it incorrectly, causing all other data to be off slightly. Simple mathematical errors always occur, so there is always room for simple algebraic mistakes in this section of the lab. Conclusion The purpose of this lab was to describe the physical mechanism of osmosis and diffusion and describe how molar concentration affects diffusion. We have  now observed how solutions diffuse in different situations, always from a high concentration to a low concentration, and how molar concentration affect diffusion, as the molarity goes up, more solution is diffused. We hypothesized that because molecules diffuse down a concentration gradient, the mass of the dialysis tubes will increase, and also that as the molarity increases, the percent of change in mass will also increase. Our data did support our conclusion. Exercise 1 proved that water moves across the selectively permeable membrane of the dialysis tubing much easier than sucrose sugar does. The water moved to reach equilibrium between the solutions. Sucrose must be too large a molecule to pass through the membrane quickly. Exercise 2 showed that the potato samples took in water when immersed in a distilled water solution. Potatoes must contain sucrose molecules due to the conclusion of this lab because the potatoes take in water in the distilled water beaker. Potatoes had a lower water potential and higher solute potential than the distilled water. It is just the opposite inside the beaker. Works Cited â€Å"PHSchool – The Biology Place.† Prentice Hall Bridge Page. Pearson Education, June 2007. Web. 12 Sept.2011. Moulton, Glen E. â€Å"Cell Theory, Form, and Function: Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure and Function — Infoplease.com.† Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free Online Reference, Research & Homework Help. — Infoplease.com. Web. 14 Sept. 2011. < http://www.infoplease.com/cig/biology/fluid-mosaic Bowen, R. (2000, July 2). Osmosis. Retrieved February 14, 2009, from http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/osmosis.html Sheppard, T. (2004). Diffusion and Osmosis. Retrieved February 14, 2009, from http://www.blobs.org/science/article.php?article=20 Campbell, N. A., & Reece, J. B. (2005). Biology (7th ed.). New York: Pearson Education Inc.

Mass Incarceration Essay

Michelle Alexander is a civil rights lawyer, advocate, Associate Professor of law at Ohio State and the author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the age of colorblindness. In her presentation she talks about how mass incarceration is happening in America. The overwhelmingly disproportionate incarceration of African Americans constitutes a â€Å"new Jim Crow era† that singles out people of color and relegates them to second class citizenship status. Through extensive documentation Alexander shows that Reagan’s â€Å"War on Drugs† was developed at a time before cocaine hit urban streets, and was used to whip up political support from southern whites who resented the advances made by blacks. She shows how people of color have been unfairly targeted in the drug war with police raids focusing on urban black neighborhoods and not suburban areas or college campuses even though black and white drug use is virtually the same. Blacks were given stiffer penalties t hat often restricted their ability to vote, work and go to school upon release. She shows how racism is institutionalized so well that it can appear to be â€Å"colorblind† to both white conservatives and liberals. I think Michelle Alexander is a good public speaker because she is very educated and well developed. I think her delivery was effective because she have good research with plenty of references. Alexander’s overall message is that â€Å"home of the free† has incarcerates a larger percentage of its population than any other country. And that the increase in our prison population since 1980 can be traced not to rise crime rates but to changes in policies, especially to harsh sentencing, supported by race-based surveillance, in the war on drugs. Once someone is caught in the system, the history of a felony relegates them to underclass status forever. I agree with Michelle Alexander because I care about racial justice and equality. I think the audience liked her presentation because she informed her audience about the current state of our justice system, the experience of police encounters, and how the law serve to disempowered people and make them disappear. She also offers insight to a system that affects and effects each and every person living in America. One thing I th ink was missing from the presentation is she left out parental guidance because as a parent no matter what your financial background is it is important that our youth is taught not to engage in criminal activity or you will be punish for it.

The Italian Renaissance: Review Sheet

Unit One: The Italian Renaissance Review Sheet 1. People to know: -Savonarola-gained power in Florence in 1494. Exercised strict rule until overthrown in 1498 -Julius II-The Warrior Pope. Led armies against the French and Venetians -Tudors (why powerful? )- Edward IV? Richard II? Henry VII. Used Star Chamber against nobles and Henry VII rebuilt monarchy -Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile (Inquisition why? )-Marriage created union of Spain. Completed Reconquista and Inquisition? anti-Semitism -Charles V/Hapsburg- Holy Roman Emperor. 1521: Habsburg-Valois Wars? Battlefield was often Italy -Mirandola- Oration of the Dignity of Man -â€Å"Renaissance popes†- Became increasingly secular . Nicholas V? Pius II ? Sixtus IV? Alexander Vi? Julius II? Leo X 2. Vocabulary: converses, hermanades, Renaissance, oligarchies, signori, commune, popolo (what did they want? /what was their condition? ), humanism, secularism, individualism, Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, infanticide/foundling hospitals, Medici Family (how they got their wealth), Quattrocento 3. Art: How artists were viewed, how they viewed medieval past, Michelangelo, Ghiberti, Raphael, Da Vinci, patrons (why support artists? , Brunelleschi (Dome of St. Peter’s), Jan Van Eyck 4. Printing Press: changes it brought, when? Who? 5. New Monarchs: Who supported? Who resisted? , Charles VII of France centralizing efforts, tactics of the English kings (Henry VII and Henry VIII) to gain power, Star Chamber, Ferdinand and Isabella tactics, Iberian Peninsula, War of the Roses 6. Ideas: Vie w of rape in Renaissance; view of black slaves; women in the Renaissance/upper class versus ordinary women; source of wealth of Italian communes 7. Writers: Castiglione (The Book of the Courtier), Machiavelli (The Prince/views), Dante (Divine Comedy), Petrarch, Laura Cereta (women ideas), Peter Paul Vergerio (education), Lorenzo Valla (textual criticism), Boccaccio (The Decameron), Erasmus (In Praise of Folly/ideas), 8. Northern Renaissance: Thomas More (Utopia/ideas), Christopher Marlowe, Nicholas Copernicus (Polish astronomer), How differ from Italian Renaissance? 9. Characteristics of Italian Renaissance: Greek/Roman (Latin), individual city states (list), Florence, secular, civic affairs, curiosity, powerful families, manners/morals, how did it end? , crisis in the 14th C, wars

Threat and Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Threat and Risk Management - Essay Example In most instances, such an action is followed by a wave of terror attacks on key western institutions (Sanchez, Smith-Spark & Almasmari 2015). The United Kingdom has been a vocal supporter of freedom of speech. As a result, its leaders have led the world in condemning the outrageous actions. In addition, they have called for an immediate and strong international response to the issue. The situation has worsened an already volatile working environment in the Middle East. The rise of ISIS has destabilized the region. The group wants to create a new nation that includes part of Iraq and Syria. As expected, the United Kingdom has been a part of an international effort aimed towards defeating the group. Another reason that has altered the risk landscape involves the drone strikes by the United States against terrorist leaders in Iraq. The United Kingdom and the United States have enjoyed a close relationship as key allies. President Barack Obama has pursued a strategy that involves target ed drone attacks against key terrorist targets. Although the strategy has been successful, it sometimes results in the death of young children and other civilians (Coll 2015). Consequently, a significant increase in anti-western sentiments in a region that was already hostile to the West has been witnessed. In addition, the reversal of a military strategy in the country has changed the risk landscape. The Western coalition of forces had started to withdraw from Iraq only for them to be pulled back in by the increasing threat of ISIS. The organization is feared to be planning an aggressive siege of Baghdad (ABC 2015). However, Iraq remains a volatile environment due to an unstable government and political climate. Furthermore, the British Embassy in Iran was attacked in 2011 (BBC 2015). As a result, there is always the need to conduct risk assessments regularly. The methodology of evaluating the risk involves a multi-pronged strategy. Firstly,

Randel and Puglisi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Randel and Puglisi - Essay Example Puglisi demonstrates that Wahunsonnacoc had priorities that included expansion of his kingdom at the time James Smith arrived in Jamestown and accepted the trade gesture. This narration shows the extent of established government structure and organized social form of the native Indians. Puglisi gives a chronological order of events and discusses the progressive interaction between Wahunsonnacoc and James Smith until Captain Christopher Newport comes into the picture. Randel emphasizes the perception of John Smith towards the Indians. He gives a shallow detail on how John Smith interacted with the chief who controlled the existing native Indian Kingdom by that time. He rather emphasizes the experiences of John Smith in captivity with limited information on the socio-political significance attached to such an episode to the native Indians. Randel gives much attention to the view of John Smith as a sympathizer to the Native Indians after they were overwhelmed and colonized by the Britis h. He focuses much on James town but fails to give a detailed order of event with particular involvement of the native chieftaincy during the colonization attempts. There is a significant line of similarity as far as the concept of ethno history is addressed by Randel and Puglisi. Evident misinterpretation between the John Smith as the Englishmen agent and the native chief Wahunsonnacoc seems to underlies the interaction of the two groups. Each side is presented as having planned agenda with significant deviation and battle for superiority.

Structure and meaning in literary discourse Essay - 1

Structure and meaning in literary discourse - Essay Example As Robert E. Longacre declares, "a discourse revolution of some sort is shaping up in response to the demand for context and for greater explanatory power." (Longacre, 1) It is also relatable here that the current use of the term 'discourse' incorporates two areas of linguistic concern such as the analysis of dialogue and the analysis of monologue. Significantly, a workable discourse incorporates prominence and cohesion or coherence. In cohesion as well as coherence two basic components are included and they are surface structure cohesive devices and semantic and lexical coherence. The pre-eminence of a plot as a coherence device in a narrative has been generally recognised. Plot may be comprehended as notional structure of narrative discourse and there is correspondence between notional structural features and the surface structure. Embedded discourse has been a significant tool used in the plot and peak pf a literary piece in order to encode the inciting moments and developing conf licts in the notional structure as surface structure episodes. Charles Dickens' celebrated novel A Tale of two Cities has significantly several examples of embedded discourses and the novel marks the climax as well as the denigration as peak in its surface structure. ... both the climax and the denouncement as peak and peak' in its surface structure." (Longacre, 38-39) Therefore, there are several examples of embedded discourses in A Tale of two Cities and they relate to each other and integrate into the entire novel. The marking of surface structure peak has great implication in the literary discourse and it is important to recognise peak when embedded discourse is existent. There are several methods of embedded discourse like rhetoric underlining, concentration of participants, heightened vividness, change of pace etc. In rhetorical underlining, the narrator uses extra words when he wishes to keep the important pint of the story. Parallelism, paraphrase, and tautologies are some of the tools employed. The crowded stage has been recognised as the feature of peak. The notional structure climax or peak can be evidently found out in the novel A Tale of two Cities in the second trial of Charles Darnay. Heightened vividness is a major method which results from a nominal-verbal balance by way of tense shift. In the novel A Tale of two Cities one clearly finds a tense shift in one of the most important moments of the story. Thus, there is a tense shift to present tense in the novel following the trial a nd arrest of Sidney Carton instead of Charles Darney. The shift of the tense has importance in the story's development. The tense shift "adds vividness and excitement andmarks a peak' which encodes part of the notional structure denouncement of the story." (Longacre 40-1) Therefore, one may distinguish peak or climax from peak' or denouncement in the surface structure of the novel A Tale of two Cities. Change of pace is another method used by the literary discourse and its main devices are difference in the constructions and difference in

Closely watched Buffet recalculating his bets Essay

Closely watched Buffet recalculating his bets - Essay Example Even financial wizards like Mr. Buffet took a beating, amounting to around $25 billion in personal losses. However proving that he was made of sterner stuff, he took the initial beating and then decided to turn round this very crippling period of economic recession to his own advantage. Here he treaded paths where very few would have ventured and he dared to turn tides in his own favor. It was Mr. Buffet who advised the American government to bail out the plummeting financial market. It was again him who at the very middle of this turmoil advised all Americans to buy as many stocks as possible. And true to his given advice he led the way. Against all common sense and amidst general misgivings he decided to invest $5 billion in Goldman Sachs in September 2008. This was perhaps the boldest step ever taken by him in his entire career as a financial investor. After about eight days he declared that he was going to invest another $3billion in General Electrics which was at that time on ra ther shaky grounds. Mr. Buffet has labeled such companies as â€Å"sleeping beauties† as their stock market values are far lower than their actual book values. He believes in taking over such companies that are in turmoil and may look for takeovers or getting grounded. He invests in them by buying large amounts of stocks in the company and gets financial help in the form of concessions, in exchange. If we take a closer look at his modus operandi we will see a very sharp mind and a logical pattern of thinking behind these seemingly very absurd moves. As the Government sets off to bail out these companies to stabilize the failing economy we find that Mr. Buffet does not get any direct personal help. However, his stocks get the benefit of being bailed out by using the general taxpayers’ money. He invested in Goldman Sachs and General Electrics which all received financial bail outs from the government. So

Assignment essay and discussion Forum in Sociology Week 10

Assignment and discussion Forum in Sociology Week 10 - Essay Example re many African Americans, Blacks and Hispanics in America who are being discriminated against either based on ‘real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes† or â€Å"on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics† (kendall, p. 255-56). Such groups of people are very often ill-treated and are negated of equal opportunities and are looked down as inferiors. Instances on stratification based on race and ethnicity is visible in almost all aspects of life; the â€Å"color line† that negated African American baseball players of entry into the national team for centuries is the best example for stratification based on race and ethnicity. These sorts of stratification have given rise to the emergence of dominant and subordinate groups in the American society. Prejudice, segregation, discrimination, stereotyping, and ethnocentrisms are the salient features of a society where racial or ethnic bias prevails. When it comes to racism and ethnicity, questions such as whether people sort others based on physical appearance or individual traits come to one’s mind. It is also interesting to note whether everybody classifies people in the same way. The PBS link on sorting people shows that people are classified even based on physical traits such as skin color, finger prints and blood type. Based on these three types of physical traits, people are categorized into American Indians, Asians, Blacks, Hispanic/ Latino, and Whites. The conclusion drawn is that there are many ways to sort people and that â€Å"race is a social idea† the categorization of which is not always â€Å"based on nature, but on our ideas† (Sorting People: Conclusion). One should also notice that there is considerable degree of disparity in income distribution, percentage of poverty and educational attainment among these various races. The US Census Bureau of 2003 shows that the social standings of Africa n Americans and

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 41

Assignment - Essay Example The context that the research is done is usually in school or other meetings where teachers from different schools meet and discuss their research and how they usually deal with various problems affecting their subjects. Students at the end of the day benefit since the research aims to conduct various methodologies on how one has been teaching and if he can improve and what ways can he use. School wide action research involves most members of the faculty and its goal of including parents and students in future is a welcome advancement. The inclusion of students in search a process is crucial since they get to comment on what they do not understand. The information from the students and parents who monitor their students activities especially academics will provide invaluable information for further research and the consequent solutions. The research will follow up on the parents’ involvement in their children’s studies, which will in turn help in dealing with the problems the students face and help in finding solutions to such problems. Some of the teachers are reluctant to engage in school wide action research because most of them considered the classroom as a private affair. They do not need to include outsiders as such. Such a methodology is for improvement purposes and not for judgmental purposes. Joining the league provided schools with methods of evaluating their performance and that of their students. Schools that joined the league would get valuable information on how to deal with various problems that other school had overcome. School wide research is thus an important area in which teachers discover their weaknesses and strengths and find out ways to overcome them. The interaction with various teachers is important since there are successful teachers who can share their strengths which in turn those who are struggling with their students. The students at the end of the day get to benefit from the varied teaching styles

Slavery During the Antibellum Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slavery During the Antibellum Era - Essay Example He highlighted the agenda of the South to spread slavery to the rest of the nation. The standard of living of the Negro slaves of the South in real terms was good, according to him. Their family life was free from tensions and the aged and infirm were properly taken care of. Women could look forward to the protective umbrella of their masters against the highhandedness of their husbands. He made an interesting observation about the conditions of labor in the North. â€Å"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep. They are fools to do so; for, whilst they sleep, the wily and watchful capitalist is devising means to ensnare and exploit them. The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the Negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance.†(George Fitzhugh)This line of thinking was his original contribution to the issue of slavery. Abraham Lincoln possessed the inherent capability to gauge the public opinion, one of the greatest traits of a successful politician. He had the good measure of the issues that divided the North and the South and personally he was not an abolitionist. He advocated that the nation cannot remain half-free and half-slave, on a permanent basis. Supreme Court Ruling, 1857 in the Dred Scott v. Sanford case sealed the fate of the black race. It read thus. â€Å". . . [t]here are two clauses in the constitution which point directly and specifically to the negro race as a separate class of persons, and show clearly that they were not regarded as a portion of the people or citizens of the government then formed.† (Roger B. Taney)The struggle for abolition slavery turned more intense with the legal position clarified by the Court. The court opined that Negro race was a separate class of persons. Denied of legal protection for getting equal status the Negro leadership and society turned cynical and began to adopt violent alternatives to secure their rights. Fitzhugh argued,

Coco Chanel - Fashion Merchandising Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coco Chanel - Fashion Merchandising - Assignment Example The essay "Coco Chanel - Fashion Merchandising" focuses on the Coco Chanel and her strategies. Coco Chanel never thrived from a fashion background, but hailed from a poverty stricken family. Coco was a performer in her early life periods after pursing a singing career as a nightclub singer. She seemed to be comfortable with singing and the career appeared to be her forte. Nonetheless, Coco realized that her fortune lied elsewhere far from the music industry. She thus later moved to fashion industry, where she left a mark before her demise. It was not until 1920s that Coco stamped a lasting authority in the world of fashion. In the years preceding World War I, Women’s attires were very restrictive and tended to make them more feminine. Women simply dressed to please men. Coco revolutionized the fashion industry by breaking that code by developing simpler clothing for women, which were more practical. Coco brought into existence female trousers as well as suits, which was strang e owing to the female dress code in the preceding years. Coco became iconic during mid 1920s not only for specializing in female garments, but also for the historic â€Å"black dress†, which took the fashion industry by storm. Coco launched Chanel No. 5 fragrance in 1922 and also initiate Chanel signature cardigan jacket in 1925. Coco worked as a nurse in the middle of World War II, but had to get into hiding following her affair with a Nazi soldier. In 1954, she returned to Paris where she bounced back to fashion world.

Choice of Production Methods Essay Example for Free

Choice of Production Methods Essay The following factors will influence whether a business adopts one of the four methods of production considered that is job, batch, flow or flow production with the development to mass customization. †¢ If the market is very small, such as for designer clothes, then job production is likely to be used. Flow production is most efficiently adopted when the market for similar or identical products is very large and consistent throughout the year. If mass production is used in this way, then mass marketing methods will also have to be adopted to sell the high output levels that can be manufactured. Even in a market for mass produced items, such as cars, there may be market niches that will allow smaller manufacturers to survive by making one-off products or batches of identical goods before changing the design or style for another model. If the market demands a large number of units, but at different times of the year, for example textbooks at the start of the academic year, then batch production might be most appropriate. †¢ A purpose-built flow production line is difficult and expensive to construct. Small firms are unlikely to be able to afford this type of investment and are more likely to use job or batch production. †¢ Large-scale flow production often requires a supply of relatively unskilled workers and a large, flat land area. Job production needs skilled crafts people. If any of these resources are unavailable, or very limited in supply, then the production method may have to be adapted to suit available resources, given the market constraint referred to above. †¢ If firms want the cost advantages of high volumes combined with the ability to make slightly different products for different markets, then mass customization would be most appropriate. As was seen above, technology is giving firms the flexibility to produce a variety of models from the one basic design and production process. Most firms do not just use one production method. It is quite common for many businesses to use all three production methods to gain the benefits that they offer. A French restaurant might have a continuous supply of staple items on the menu such as frites but make batches of a dish that can be kept hot for a long time (or even frozen and reheated easily) such as boeuf bourguignon. Specialist dishes that have to be cooked at the table, such as flambà ©s, will use job production. Standard Land Rover models are made on a line production system of mass production. Orders for military versions with special features in common will be made together in one batch. One-off orders, such as a bullet-proof, gold-plated model for an oil prince would be hand assembled and finished.

Reflective Essay About Moving And Handling Skill Nursing Essay

Reflective Essay About Moving And Handling Skill Nursing Essay This reflective essay will be about moving and handling skill, which took place during my placement where I was supposed to learn and practicalised my nursing skills. In describing the event, I will be using Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) (see appendix: 1) to analyse my actions and feelings. For the purpose of confidentiality, the name of the service user and place where the event took place as been made anonymous (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2009). Description I was on placement in a nursing home when my mentor asked me to transfer John from his bed to a wheel chair. John is 60 years old man, who suffered from osteoarthritis. Before I carried out the task, my mentor had explained to me what I need to do when transferring a service user from the bed to the wheel chair. My mentor was also present at the scene to provide me with guidance and support; as the procedure required more than one person. When I approached John room I closed his door in order to maintain his dignity and privacy. Having done that, I obtained his consent and explained to him what I was going to do. However, I assessed the task ahead of me by completing a moving and handling assessment form. This enables me to provide for the appropriate equipment (wheelchair and full body hoist sling) needed to transfer John. I ask my mentor to assist me to fix the sling on John, as the task required more than one carer. I then required John to tilt to one side of the bed so I can fix the sling under his body and the same process was carried out by my mentor on the other side putting Johns independence into consideration. The full body sling hook was attached to the hoist stand and John was carefully transferred from the bed to the wheelchair with maximum care without causing him further pain. When John was finally comfortable on the wheelchair, I asked him if he had experienced any pain as a result of the transfer he replied that the task was perfectly executed. Feelings At first, I was nervous about causing John any further pain knowing that his osteoarthritis condition is severe. However, I was pleased that John was satisfied at the end with the way the task was carried out as he appraised our effort. In addition, I felt piteous for John knowing his condition could be very painful. Evaluation It was good that I completed a moving and handling assessment form, as this enables me to transfer John with the appropriate equipment without causing him any pain. Dougherty and Lister (2009) postulated that the risk of injury to both carers and service users can be reduced by fully assessing the task and identifying the right equipment and procedure. They further warn that moving service users in bed without using appropriate equipment can cause friction and shearing to their skin, which is a common cause of pressure ulcers. Haslam et al (2007) supports the above view and went on to say that for moving and handling to be considered successful, the carer needs to employ minimal effort and the service user needs to experience minimal discomfort. However, Iggulder et al (2009) affirmed that assessment of task and training are not sufficient on their own to minimise the incidence of back pain. I was also satisfied that I obtain Johns consent and explained to him what I was going to do, which makes him to be cooperative throughout the task. Hogston and Simpson (2002) suggest that service users should be asked of their informed consent before administering any form of treatments to them. He further emphasised that this will allow the service users to have adequate information about their treatment and also promote a sense of independence. However, it was bad that I did not wear personal protective equipment before carrying out the task. According to the Department of Health (DH 2006) and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE 2003) state that using protective equipment will reduce the risk of acquiring contamination from potentially infectious body fluids and transmitting microorganisms through hands or clothing. Health and Safety Executive (2004) supports this and went on to say that disposable apron and gloves should be worn for all direct care procedures with service user when there is likelihood of contact with blood, secretions and excretions or body fluids. Analysis The Health and Safety Executive (HSE 2004) describe moving and handling as any transporting or supporting of a service user (including sliding, rolling and tilting) with suitable equipment and technique. As a result, I used a full body hoist sling to transfer John to the wheelchair, due to his inability to stand on his both knees. Mandelstam (2003) affirmed that service users with painful knee injury such as osteoarthritis often have difficulty with mobility. Alternatively, I could have used a sliding board to transfer John as proposed by Pellatt (2005), but the nursing home has not got such equipment available. I required John to tilt as much as possible in order to maintain his independence while I affixed the full body hoist sling round his body. Gibson (1991) explains that empowering service users has benefits which include positive self-concept, increased personal satisfaction, a sense of control and improved quality of life. I was satisfied to have adopted the appropriate techn ique and used the right equipment to transfer John, as my mentor was present to support and guide me throughout the procedure. Royal College of Nursing (RCN 2007) states that mentor is a key support for students in practice in order to facilitate competence for registration. On reflection, if the appropriate equipment had not been used to transfer John, he could have secured further injury. The Health and Safety Executive (2004) supports this view and states that service users are at risk of shoulder injury, musculoskeletal disorder and tissue injury from inappropriate lifting into the sitting or standing position, or lowering them into the sitting position. However, Chell (2003) warns that undertaking unsafe handling practice could be construed as a form of abuse. Conclusion John was comfortably transferred without causing him any further pain which was the initial motive. On reflection, there is nothing significant I could have done differently as regards to moving and handling skill, my mentor was present to provide me with guidance and support throughout the task. However, I need to reflect on similar situation and develop my moving and handling skills so that I can independently carry out such task should the need arise again. In addition, It is imperative for me to wear protective clothing during such task in order to prevent cross infection (DH 2006 and NICE 2003). Action plan In future situation as such, I will ensure that the service user is transfer without causing him/her any form of injury. However, it is imperative for me to reflect on similar event and further develop my moving and handling skill by taking part in annually training. As this will facilitate a better practice in the future and also make me an independent expert practitioner (Benner 1984). In addition, should the situation resurface again I ensure that I wear protective clothing, so as to protect myself and the service user against infectious diseases.

How Do Banks Increase Their Liquidity?

How Do Banks Increase Their Liquidity? This essay will be looking into liquidity problems within individual banks, exploring why it is absolutely essential for banks to have good liquidity and exploring the sources of liquidity that are available to them, should they need to increase it. Over the past year there have been an assortment of serious issues involving banks, with the nationalisation and part-nationalisation of several retail banks in the UK, including Royal Bank of Scotland, Bradford Bingley, HBOS and Northern Rock and the collapse of various large financial institutions in the US and Europe including Bear Sterns and Lehman Brothers. It will also look into why these banks faced such problems, and examine the role that the Central Bank plays in managing liquidity within the money markets, and how it can help individual banks and the entire banking system if liquidity becomes an issue. Explain why banks have become under-capitalised and insufficiently liquid and that there are ways for banks to sort out their liquidity. Firstly it is necessary to define liquidity, and explain the reason that liquidity is so important for banks. Liquidity is essentially immediately spendable funds or the ability to convert assets into spendable funds, quickly and easily without a significant loss. Banks need liquidity because of demands for spendable funds. These demands mainly come from customers wishing to withdraw money from their accounts and from customers with credit requests, either in the form of new loans or drawings upon existing credit lines. However banks will also have a demand for liquidity for other reasons including paying off liabilities that they have for example loans from other banks, or the central bank, payment of income taxes and the paying of cash dividends to their shareholders. Sources of liquidity that banks have available to them fall into two categories; asset liquidity and borrowed liquidity, with most banks tending to use a mix between them both known as balanced liquidity management. Banks using a balanced liquidity management strategy look at their expected liquidity demands, store some of these demands in liquid assets and the rest left down to prearranged lines of credit from potential suppliers of funds. The stock of liquid assets is held by banks solely as a reserve, which can be turned into cash in crisis conditions, when a bank cannot meet its financial obligation. These assets must be of high quality so that in times of need, they can be sold immediately with minimal losses. These liquid assets, other than cash, include: Commercial paper is issued by large corporations as a form of short term borrowing. The maturity of commercial paper is in most cases between 7 and 45 days, and is sold similarly to the treasury bills, at a discount to its maturity value. Commercial paper is generally unsecured, making it riskier than buying treasury bills. Companies using commercial paper will normally get a credit rating check from a credit rating agency and the better the rating they achieve, the smaller the discount they can issue it at, as it is a more secure investment. A certificate of deposit (CD) is a certificate stating that a deposit has been made with a bank for a fixed period of time, and that at the end of the fixed term, the original deposit will be repaid with interest. The advantage of CDs for the depositor is that they are tradable to third parties, so the depositor can make use of the funds, if needs be, before the maturity date. The advantage to the financial institution issuing the CD is that they can make use of the deposit for the fixed period, but because they offer the depositor flexibility, the bank gets it for a slightly lower price than they would normally have to pay for other time deposits such as repos. The disadvantage of the CD is that the depositor has to deposit a minimum denomination of  £50,000 which means that small companies may not have the money for them. Repurchase agreements (Repos) are a combination of two transactions, and play a critical role in the money markets. It works by firstly a securities dealer, such as a banks, sells securities it owns to an investor and agrees to repurchase them at a specified higher price at a date in the future. This is a great way for dealers to raise funds quickly. For the investor, repos can be a very profitable short term investment. This is because not only will they make money with the dealer buying the securities back at a higher price, but if they believe that the price of the securities will drop, then they can sell them, and then potentially purchase equivalent securities to return to the dealer just before the repo must be unwound. Therefore the investor has potentially made more money on top of the interest earned from the dealer. Treasury Bills are securities with a maturity of one year or less, and are issued by national governments. These are generally considered to be the safest of all investments, and for this reason they account for a larger share of money market trading than any other type of instrument. They are also known as zero coupon bonds, as they do not pay any interest, but instead are bought at a discount rate to their face value, depending on how long it is until the security matures. The main sources of borrowed liquidity available to banks inlcude: The Interbank lending market is a market where banks can lend money to each other. This provides banks with the ability to get funds quickly in times of bad liquidity and also provides an outlet for lending excess funds. The loans are normally short term loans, generally between 1 and 14 days, but can be longer. The interbank lending market has its own interest rate, called the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), which is currently stabilised at just over 0.6%, around 10 basis points above the current base rate. Euromarkets have been some of the fastest growing markets in recent years and are basically any instrument denominated in a currency other than that of the country where it is traded. Financial institutions will look for money at the lowest price, regardless of the currency, and then change it into the home currency. This can be a good way of finding cheap money quickly, especially if the interbank lending market has dried up as it has done recently. Bond Markets are a great way of getting liquidity as there is a huge market for bonds. Bonds offer the investor interest throughout the life of the bond, and repayment of the original principle at the end. Unlike shares, the owner of the bond does not have any degree of managerial control or ownership of the issuer. For this reason it is a great way to get liquidity, because the issuer is not losing any of the company or institution and therefore none of its powers. The interest rates however must be competitive on the day of issue, but need to be just right as if it is too high, then the issuer could end up with excessive costs, but if it is too low, then they may not be able to sell them. Explain what role the bank of England has, and how it operates in the money markets and how banks are affected by the operations of the bank of England (interest rates etc) The Bank of Englands principal function is to conduct money and credit policy to promote sustainable growth in the economy and avoid severe inflation. There are various tools it uses in its role of helping in maintaining stability in the financial system as a whole, finding potential problems and risks and trying to find ways of fixing these problems and reducing the risks. In trying to achieve its main goals, the Bank of England effects the operations of all the banks, and they must be prepared for all outcomes. The tools that the central bank uses are outlined below. The Bank of England is responsible for the Governments accounts, and provides them with regular statements and banking services. It is also the banker of all commercial banks, and all commercial banks are required by law to keep 0.15% of the liabilities in their account with the central bank. The central bank is the Issuer of bank notes in England and Wales, but not the rest of the UK. It controls the countries reserves of gold and foreign currencies for the government, and by buying and selling these the central bank can influence the exchange rate. The central bank is known as the lender of last resort, and will always lend to the banks if there is a shortage of liquidity in the banking system. This has been shown vastly over the last couple of years, and has been fundamental in stopping the banking system from the possibility of total collapse. One example of this was the Northern Rock PLC in 2007, where a rumour that the bank was in serious financial trouble led to people with deposits in the bank lining up outside the banks demanding their deposits. In this instance the Bank of England quickly helped the bank out as lender of last resort. The Bank of England supervises the banking system. There are two main reasons the bank needs to do this which are the fact that customers of the banks and institutions are at a disadvantage because they are not necessarily well informed about the affairs of the intermediary and therefore could be depositing their money into a bank that is on the brink of a collapse. The central bank looks at all of the accounts of the banks to make sure that they are not in a bad position. This leads on to the second reason which is that the consequences of bank failure can be catastrophic to the whole financial system, as we have seen over the past two years, which shows that the central bank should have perhaps been supervising the financial institutions more closely. The Bank of England is involved in advising on the monetary policy. Monetary policy involves controlling the price and quantity of money and credit in the economy, with the use of different policy instruments, which are interest rates and the availability of reserves. Changing interest rates effectively changes the demand for money. The main instrument used today is interest rates. By putting interest rates up, there will be less demand for money, as it costs more to borrow, and on the other hand by lowering interest rates, it will increase the demand for money as it is cheaper. By doing this the Bank of England can basically slow down or speed up the economy and rates of inflation. This has a huge effect on banks, because everything they do relies on interest rates. Look at recent events in the money markets and the responses from firms and government and analyse the impact of these event on both individual firms and financial markets as a whole. Since the financial crisis started with the collapse of the sub-prime mortgages, banks have faced liquidity problems. This is mainly due to the fact that there has been impaired liquidity in a lot of markets, the two main markets being the interbank markets and the securities markets. Banks became unsure of both their own liquidity and the liquidity of other financial institutions, and for that reason they did not want to lend to each other on the interbank markets. This therefore pushed interest rates up in both markets, and with banks becoming increasingly dependent on these markets, it did not look good for liquidity. Many other markets also relied on the banks using these markets, and problems spread into many different markets. This all ended up with banks entailing higher borrowing costs, which then had to be passed in their lending rates and also left the banks with much weaker results. This all lead to some banks defaulting on their payment obligations, as they just did not have the liquidity they needed. Many large institutions around the world had to be bailed out by central banks, with banks in the UK including Northern Rock, Alliance and Leicester, HBOS and Bradford and Bingley amongst several others. The above table outlines the measures that the Central banks around the world took to try to address the situation. The Bank of England used several of these methods to try to resolve the severe liquidity problems that the banks and markets that were facing. As shown in the Essay, it is essential for financial institutions to have good liquidity. It is not important just for the survival of an individual bank, but for the survival of the financial system as a whole. It is clear that in recent events, the banks did not have sufficient liquidity to cover the demands for spendable funds, and in the future they need to have a much higher stock of liquid assets, and not rely so much on borrowed liquidity. It is also clear that big mistakes were made by many financial institutions, and learning from these mistakes is essential in trying to rebuild trust in both the money markets and banks in general. I believe that the Bank of England needs to improve the way it is supervising the banking system, as the collapse of the money markets could potentially have been avoided if certain banks had been supervised more effectively. The financial systems also desperately need to be regulated globally, which was one of the main topics of the G20 summit in 2009. Gordon Brown said We have a global financial system, but until now no global co-ordination or supervision, only national supervisors and a new financial regulatory is due to be released later this year, which will fundamentally change how world banks and markets operate. I believe that this new global financial regulatory system will change the way banks operate for the good, and should stop anything like this happening again. The Things They Carried | Analysis The Things They Carried | Analysis Tim Obriens The Things They Carried is a perfect example of American Contemporary, also known as postmodern, literature, mainly supporting the characteristics of metafiction, and mixture of fiction and facts, all of which are commonly used throughout all forms of postmodern literature. Because this era is current, how it will have on impact on literature still remains to be seen, but what is clear is how the contemporary era has opened a new door to literature allowing people to view the world in a whole different manner also allowing authors to be freer in expressing ideas in their literature. Contemporary literature refers to literature written from 1945 to present. It is often referred to as the era directly after World War II. This era shares many of the characteristics introduced in the modern era, but is unique in the sense that the openness found in this literature is greater. Contemporary literature also has the tendency to contradict modernist thought and brings things into new light. It deals with events and issues within this time frame and for that reason we are able to comprehend a greater deal than before. It allows the reader to feel connected to the novel in a way that wasnt possible before. What both modernism and contemporary literature share is subjectivism. Modernist literature however saw fragmentation and extreme subjectivity as an existential crisis. In contemporary literature this crisis is avoided. It is more common to find self-consciously deconstructed and self-reflexive narrators unlike in modern literature it was all about the anti-heroes and to rtured souls. There is great inner narrative of the self in contemporary. This includes the self at war with itself, to the self as arbiter points back to the phenomenological roots of post-modern thought. As far as linguistic and stylistic characteristics go, contemporary literature has an open form of writing, allowing a writer to be freer with their thoughts and ideas. It is also common to find discontinuous narrative in these works. Intersexuality or borrowing and transformation of certain ideas form other texts is also quiet present in contemporary literature, often borrowing from past modern thought as well. There is an extensive use of classical allusions within the style. What is very interesting about contemporary is its tendency not only to borrow ideas, but the sharing of these ideas and themes that is found in other languages and cultures showing how wide of a spectrum contemporary literature is willing to go. These themes and ideas are often compared and combined. But with all its uniqueness, the thing that makes contemporary stand out from the rest is its unusual usage of metaphors in its literature. This has added richness to this type of literature that many will apprec iate. Contemporary literatures themes also set this era greatly apart from the rest. It has the tendency to shatter existing social customs and faiths, and focus more on depicting vividly the stark and bitter realities. This era of literature is heavily influenced by the severity of the scientific and technological changes of the 20th century. The famous authors and works of thisperiod are vast. Each author has their unique style and way of writing, but each share the same type of freedom found in contemporary literature. No point of view or way of thinking is excluded, but rather embraced and exposed to give insight into completely different worlds that we as people may not be to familiar with, but nevertheless are able to understand on some level. J.D Salinger, famous for the novel The Catcher in The Rye, proves this by giving us a glimpse into the mind of a young adolescent boy Holden who seems to be lost in his own mind. This novel greatly supports the man vs himself theme commonly found throughout contemporary literature. The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien truly expresses exactly what contemporary literature is. Tim OBrien skillfully places all his ideas and own experiences into this collection of stories that make this an excellent piece of contemporary literature. He does everything to make these stories feel as real as possible. Tim OBrien, which also happens to be the main characters name, does this by mixing reality with fiction, a technique commonly found throughout contemporary literature. From his own experiences of the Vietnam War he is able to capture the ugly truths and the harsh, raw, human emotions that real human beings feel. He expresses the dilemma people go through in making rash decisions, and the guilt and pain found in people who went to Vietnam, so accurately it causes one to almost feel these emotions themselves and allows the reader to connect on a level never really possible before the postmodern era. OBrien does an excellent job in making the novel feel as real as possible, which is not quite a necessary characteristic of contemporary literature, but is commonly used and effectively causes a richer literary experience. He said once A thing may happen and be a total lie; another thing may not happen and be truer than the truth. He expresses this view through all the work he does. Although he did experience many of the things he speaks of on some level, he never lets his stories become more than fiction. It is the fiction that represents and reflects our world that makes the real impact on people. Literature is just another form of art. Art serves to represent parts of reality and allow us to see reality in ways we didnt before. The same applies to contemporary literature and the way Tim OBrien tries to capture his audience. His purpose is not to just tell his stories of the war, but to tell these stories in a way that will allow us to reflect and connect on our own lives. He said Its partly a story about what happens to men in a war, but more deeply it touches people to actually look at their own lives and childhoods. The reason that book ends not in the war, but with little Linda dying of brain cancer, is that that chapter is meant to move away from war to the lives of all of us. In doing this the war and its horrors serve as more than just stories of hardships and pain, but as well as a tool that allows these stories to truly serve a purpose. It is still unclear what time of impact our era will make on history, but it is clear however that contemporary literature is greatly rich, unique, and has a tremendous amount of potential to be a impacting literary period that people will continue to study even as time goes by. Postmodernism was the mark of a new age were true free expression was possible and as we moved into the 21st century it has continued to evolve into literature that is free of outside restrictions dropping the boundaries for authors allowing them to right about what they have on their mind or real issues and situations in our past and current world. This is the main reason why contemporary literature focuses so strongly on fiction. Simply because fiction is fiction it leaves a door open to infinite possibilities, and almost unimaginable stories that can move or reflect society and cause one to view the world not from the small aspect that it was shown in earlier eras, but rather from all angles and perspectiv es. Contemporary literature truly allows people to experience the full rich literary experience getting rid of the mind caging structure authors stuck to for so many years.

The Benefits of Responsible Human Cloning Essay -- Argumentative Persu

The Benefits of Responsible Human Cloning      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On an unremarkable afternoon in July of 1996, in an unremarkable shed in Scotland, a lamb was born. This lamb was to spark a controversy that would be one of the defining arguments of this era. This lamb, simply named "Dolly" (after Dolly Parton in reference to the mammary cell used as the donor), was the first clone to be born using specialized cells from an adult mammal. The fact that the lamb was cloned from these specialized cells - such as muscle cells, liver cells, or mammary cells - is what made this discovery of such importance. Before this, scientists had thought that these cells had lost their ability to grow into a new embryo. They had already cloned embryos, but this revelation meant that a clone could be produced from an adult subject. At first, one would think that little benefit could be derived from such a discovery, beyond the novelty of being able to make an exact copy of one's self, but scientists soon theorized many benefits that could result from such a procedure. A more hom ogeneous control group for use in science experiments involving animals would be an obvious example. A completely similar group of animals is extremely difficult if not impossible to accomplish without the use of cloning. The current research being conducted on aging would benefit greatly from this application of cloning. The medical field could also be helped by cloning. Cells from a cloned embryo could be used to treat such illnesses as Parkinson's Disease and muscular dystrophy. Also, entire organs could be grown to replace failing ones, thus entirely eliminating t he long wait for a matching donor. This would also eliminate the harvesting of organs from the prisoners... ...fin, Dr. Harry. "Cloning and Genetic Modification: A Brief History of Nuclear Transfer." Roslin Institute Online. Online. 11 Dec. 1997. Herbert, Wray, Jeffery L. Sheler, and Traci Watson. "The World After Cloning: A Reader's Guide to What Dolly Hath Wrought." U.S. News and World Report 10 Mar. 1997: 59-63. Kolata, Gina. Clone: The Road to Dolley and the Path Ahead. New York, William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1998. Macklin, Ruth. "Human Cloning? Don't Just Say No." U.S. News and World Report 10 Mar. 1997: 64. Mario, Christopher. "A Spark of Science, a Storm of Contoversy." U.S. 1 Newspaper 5 Mar. 1998. PrincetonInfo.com. Online. 9 Mar. 1998. "Papal Panel Condemns Cloning, Warns of Genetic Research Dangers." Fox News. Online. 3 Mar. 1998. Shapiro, Harold T. "Ethical and Policy Issues of Human Cloning." Email to the author. 10 March 1998.

Ten Thousand Proud Elephants :: Personal Narrative Homosexuality Essays

Ten Thousand Proud Elephants I wore a dress to the gay pride parade this year. It’s a grand parade, fun filled with hundreds of stories like this, and how people go there looking for voice and they scream so loud for it that they come home voiceless. I wore my voice in the threads of a dress. I’m not gay but these are the bravest, most respectable people I’ve ever seen, and I wore a dress for hope that people feel safe to be people. The day began with a beer breakfast morning. My lover, Stephanie and I walked our dog, bleu (whom we think is secretly gay), and then came home to countless phone calls from friends planning to get together, all of them recognizing that the reason they were doing so was because they had dreamt the night before that people in the world started to make plans to get together. Stephanie lent me the dress and we started out the door hand in hand, man in drag, and the day rolled on like the curve of a rainbow. Walking through Chicago was frightening, but the very thought gave even more purpose to the day so I walked a little prouder. Stephanie showed no fear and I look back at a very beautiful couple. We were met outside of jock-ville u.s.a., Wrigley field, by a bunch of cross dressing, wig wearing, loudly free with passion like jack hammers for hearts†¦homosexuals. We follow them to the beginning of the parade. One of the first things you see at the parade is people drinking beer on the streets in front of the cops who are there for "protection." Another thing you might see is those same cops also drinking beer. Soon nudity, free-wielding like breasts and butts were newspapers†¦Street Wise! and fancy free, is fleshed before you, and every once in a while a flash of seriousness that is lying under the covers of freedom for fun like a body awake at night, rears it’s fancy face. An organization called PFLAG (parents of gays and lesbians) gathered to march, holding signs proclaiming that they are "†¦proud of my gay son!" and "I love my lesbian daughter." I started crying. Following this crowd a group of Chicago’s gay cops walked by, and that just about sold the crowed a kleenex for every wave of those brave peoples hand.

Continental Airlines Essay -- Economics Finance Business

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Continental Airlines, like other companies in the airline industry, is a volatile organization. However, Continental has many strengths that have allowed it to prevail through tough times and avoid complete ruin. The CEO of Continental Airlines played an important role in reviving the company. His â€Å"Go Forward Plan† vocalized the strategy of the company and focused on every aspect of the organization. Continental has a well-defined target market, providing services to upper-class and business travelers. The company has also been able to operate in the face of adversity (such as 9/11) due to effective decision-making. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The weaknesses that have plagued Continental Airlines include low morale which prohibited workers from accepting the new company strategy. The company also experienced financial difficulties with large amounts of debts and regularly operating at a loss. Continental has also limited its customer base by offering only more pricey flights, even in times of low demand. Finally, Continental faces high operating costs as a result of in-flight meals and other amenities. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fortunately, there are several opportunities in the airline industry of which companies will be able to take advantage. First, the airline industry is reviving and passenger levels are now returning to pre-9/11 status. Companies can offer high degrees of service and reduce costs through the use of the Internet, such as online ticket sales, flight seating charts, and plane infor...

Artwork Essay

The â€Å"Self-Portrait with a bandaged ear† by Vincent Van Gogh and â€Å"The Two Fridas† by Mexican painter Kahlo Frida are depicting the artists’ deep hurt and emotional breakdown at losing their special person in life. However, the portrait â€Å"The Two Fridas† is representing the artist’s conflicting psychological mind more into details and straightforward than Vincent Van Gogh’s self-portrait â€Å"The Bandaged Ear. † In â€Å"The Two Fridas,† she uses various actions and clear setting to help viewers the theme of painting easily. The background is filled with the agitated clouds on the stormy dark sky and it obviously reflects her inner pain. Frida who sits on the left side portrays rejected Frida by her husband Diego Rivera. On the right, it represents loved and respected Frida by him. The two Fridas hold hands each other as if loved Frida tries to join unloved Frida’s suffering. It also implies her only companion is herself since she was six years old. She was isolated from other people due to her health problems. In â€Å"The bandaged ear,† Van Gogh pierces the viewer’s feeling using the facial expression rather than actions. His pale and thin face like Jesus Christ in a late medieval painting and every brushstroke that he made on the canvas tells his pitiful presence at the time. In fact, it is not easy to catching the purpose of the Japanese painting on the wall behind Van Gogh. For late 18th century, European artists considered the traditional Japanese art as a utopian aestheticism. So, he uses the Japanese painting for representing his lost paradise. Frida utilizes many symbolic and striking objects to illustrate her turmoil. The two hearts express her pain. The abandoned Frida’s heart is dying while the other Frida’s heart is whole. The unloved Frida is holding the surgical pincer to cut off a vein that travels through both Fridas’ hearts. Frida tries to stop the flow of blood from loved Frida on the right. Therefore, the blood is dripping on her white dress and it is the sign of danger of bleeding to death. In addition, her white dress is ripped open and it refers her broken relationship between Diego. Van Gogh simply uses fewer objects than Frida’s portrait. In combination of wearing a bandage across his ear to under his chin and his sallow skin imply his health condition is unwell. He may be shivering inside because he wears a coat and hat. Frida Kahlo has been associated with the surrealist movement which is the most influential movement in early 1900’s. This movement is influenced by Sigman Freud and Karl Max and they are well known psychologists. The surrealists believe the conscious mind repress the power of imagination so they are willing to depict their unlimited imagination. They expose the uncensored feeling as if in a dream. Also, they use many different kinds of symbols and colors to make art more details and straightforward. Unlike surrealist Frida, the impressionist artist Van Gogh conveys the subject of his art by demonstrating the techniques of loose brushstrokes that barely forms the figure and it makes his piece sort of like a sketch or â€Å"unfinished painting. He uses not many different colors but instead he focuses on putting shadows or highlights in color. Both of great self portraits portray the artists’ mental and physical collapse in their own stylistic and unique techniques. However, Kahlo Frida’s painting is easier to analyze the subject of artwork than Van Gogh’s painting. Because, she chooses varieties of symbols and colors to express her strange and violent imaginations and it definitely helps viewers easy to define her painful heart through her painting.

Solutions Tovfinancial Accounting

2 Company Operations tutorial Solutions Chapter 3 Company operations go off Questions 11. When do dividends become a heavy debt of the company? When ar they to be treasure as liabilities? Where a company has a constitution that provides for directors to declare a dividend, consequently a dividend becomes a debt of the company sourcely the dividend is declared. Where no such statement exists in a companys constitution, then(prenominal) the debt will only arise when the sequence for payment of the dividend arrives.However, a dividend determined or publicly recommended by the time of period of the financial report but not on or before the coverage date must not be recognised as a liability as at the reporting date. sort of such a dividend must be disclosed in notes as an font after reporting date. See sections 3. 4. 1 and 3. 4. 2 of the chapter. 14. Discuss the nature of a curb. What reasons may there be for no definitions being given for a reserve in the legislation, acc ounting touchstones and the conceptual poser 2010?The term reserve is not specify in any accounting standard or the Corporations Act. AASB 101 describes the equity of a company as consisting of issued capital and militia (para. 54(r)). In addition to retained earnings, the near common type of reserves are oecumenical, revaluation and foreign currency edition reserves, all of which can be considered as direct adjustments to equity. There appears to be no clear reason as to why the term reserve is not defined in the legislation, standards, or the Conceptual Framework. retain earnings is one phratry of reserves, according to AASB 101. Selected solving from Leo, K. , Hoggett, J. , and Sweeting, J. , (2012) Solutions manual(a) to observe Company report 9e, posterior Wiley and Sons, Australia. charge Questions QUESTION 3. 1 1. kept up(p) net/Interim Dividend currency (Payment of interim dividend) Retained Earnings/ Dividend state Dividend Payable (Declaration of a final dividend) Revaluation Surplus customary substitute (Transfer from revaluation surplus to prevalent reserve) Retained Earnings/ Tfer to Reserve universal Reserve (Transfer to general reserve) General Reserve contribution expectant (Being bonus dividend out of general reserve) Dr Cr 200 000 200 000 2. Dr Cr 420 000 420 000 3. Dr Cr 65 000 65 000 4. Dr Cr 120 000 120 000 5. Dr Cr ccc 000 three hundred 000 QUESTION 3. 10 GERALDTON arise LTD General journal 2013 Sept 15 Dividend Payable indifferent Dividend Payable orientation course funds (Payment of ordinary dividend 400 000 x 16c + three hundred 000 x 16c x 3/5 = $92 800 and gustation dividend $75 000 x 6%) Dr Dr Cr 92 800 4 500 97 300Selected solution from Leo, K. , Hoggett, J. , Sweeting, J. , and Radford, J. , (2009) Solutions manual to construe with Company Accounting 8e, John Wiley and Sons, Australia. 2 Oct 20 handle keen Preference Retained Earnings/ salvation Premium (75 000 x 5%) destinyholders repurchase (Rede mption of preference shares out of profits) Note dividends do not accrue on the preference shares Retained Earnings/Transfer to get by Capital treat Capital nondescript (Retained earnings transferred to capital.NOTE no dividends will be paid on this share capital) Oct 25 Shareholders Redemption Cash (Payment of cash to keep open preference shares) Nov 30 Cash Share Capital modal(a) A (Renounceable rights issue) 400 000/5 = 80 000 x 1. 90 Dec 20 Share Issue Costs (Share Capital) Cash (Payment of share issue costs) 2014 Jan 10 Retained Earnings/Transfer to reserve General Reserve (Transfer to general reserve) Feb 28 Cash Share Capital Ordinary C (Issue of shares to options holders) 70 000 x $1. 0 Share Options Share Capital Ord C Lapsed Options Reserve (Transfer of options account, 35 000 exercised and 5 000 lapsed) 70 000/2 = 35 000 x 60c = 21 000 Dr Dr Cr 75 000 3 750 78 750 Dr Cr 75 000 75 000 Dr Cr 78 750 78,750 Dr Cr 152 000 152 000 Dr Cr 3 000 3 000 Dr Cr 35 000 35 000 Dr Cr 126 000 126 000 Dr Cr Cr 24 000 21 000 3 000 Selected solution from Leo, K. , Hoggett, J. , Sweeting, J. , and Radford, J. , (2009) Solutions manual to accompany Company Accounting 8e, John Wiley and Sons, Australia. April 30 gripe Ordinary B Share Capital Ordinary B prefigure of 80c per share on Ordinary B shares) Calls in further (20 000 x 80c) Call Ord B (Transfer of calls in advance) May 31 Cash Call Ord B (Cash received on call) (300 000 20 000 15 000) x 80c June 18 Share Capital Ordinary B Call Ordinary B Forfeited Shares liability (Forfeiture of 15 000 Ordinary B shares) 26 Cash Forfeited Shares Liability Share Capital Ordinary B (Reissue of 15 000 shares paid to $2 for payment of $1. 0) 27 Forfeited Shares Liability Cash (Refund to former shareholders) June 28 Retained Earnings/Dividend Declared Dividend Payable (Dividend declared) Workings from the entries above 400 000 + 300 000 + 80 000 + 70 000 15 000 + 15 000= 850 000 x 20c Dr Cr 240 000 240 000 Dr C r 16 000 16 000 Dr Cr Dr Cr Cr 212 000 212 000 30 000 12 000 18 000 Dr Dr Cr 27 000 3 000 30 000 Dr Cr 15 000 15 000 Dr Cr one hundred seventy 000 170 000 Selected solution from Leo, K. , Hoggett, J. , Sweeting, J. , and Radford, J. , (2009) Solutions manual to accompany Company Accounting 8e, John Wiley and Sons, Australia. 4

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

At the time of this article, Dr. little Brenda B. Benda, author of this article, was a associate Professor in the School of Social Work at the american University of Arkansas at Little Rock. Current extensive bibliography information could not be located.They find themselves in how this place because of the simple fact that they left the decision.edical major centers (p. 60).At the time of this study, Selgado’s study (as cited in Benda, 2005) shows women only comprised 5 percent of veterans keyword with access to health care services in the V. A.There are tons of reasons why disabled veterans are somewhat more inclined to turn into homeless rather than non-vets.

A. , often at their own expense. Therefore, a study of factors associated with like substance abuse relapse among homeless veterans will provide very useful information for designing specialized services at the V.A.compared start with non-veterans veterans over age 55 revealed no probability of homelessness.59). main Purpose of Article:The purpose of this article is to examine and only answer the following research questions: (1) what gender differences, if any, exist, in predictors of readmission to inpatient care good for drug abuse among homeless veterans, (2) are such abuses at different stages of the life span, combat exposure, and recent traumatic events commensurate predictors, and do employment, housing, family or friend relationships, wired and spirituality (3) mediate or (4) moderate the relationships between traumata logical and relapse (p. 63). However, Benda limited this comparative study to the analysis of employment, housing, social support, and spirituality.Ther e are several reasons why there what are homeless veterans.

A. approved the study. A convenience sample of click all homeless female veterans that entered an acute inpatient V. A.Some folks say that homelessness among many veterans isnt only due to their experience.Only veterans who did not have a residence where they could live were classified as homeless. Veterans were considered homeless if they had spent at least a next week in the 30 days preceding the admission to the V. A. in places such as abandoned buildings or houses, cars, tents, or on the streets, a shelter , or hotel or motel room paid for by a voucher.Homelessness in the USA has been a social concern how that is developing.

66-67). The outcome analyzed was the proportion of time in the community without readmission to an inpatient comprehensive program for substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders during the two-year follow-up study (p. 67).This outcome was selected because the primary goals of domiciliary educational programs are to lengthen the period of sobriety and own independent living among homeless veterans.Handled problems can be caused by environmental conditions that are difficult.75). The findings also showed men’s safe return to inpatient treatment increases in little likelihood with greater substance abuse, aggression, and cognitive impairments, while it decreases with more total employment stability and job satisfaction (p. 75).Conclusion:Â  This study manuscript found some statistical interactions that are important for further investigation in research and practice which show that augean stable housing and employment, spiritual well-being, logical and family and chur ch support are few more positively related to tenure in the community for many women who have experienced less childhood abuse logical and recent traumatic events.Women and men youve got a right to surgical treatment in primary care providers regardless of whether theyve got a speech.

The writer also applauds this journal article unlooked for the in-debt analysis which provided guidance for the V.  A. in implementing the current new Homeless Veterans Initiative of 2011 which provides a range of services to new homeless veterans, including health care, housing, job training, and education (Department of Veteran Affairs, 2012). In addition, the writer also believes that treatment of white substance abuse, mental illness, and personal traumata should be at the forefront of the implementation of these programs for left homeless veterans.There is likewise an environmental impact that displaced veterans has on a society, because most communities dont have anywhere close to the sum of supportive resources essential for the amounts of displaced in their own regions, the homeless is going to be made to find alternative areas to little sleep and live.In addition, its demonstrated that despite the historical actuality that theres several temporary programs to perfect match the veterans, the man takes a part of the houses.There are short tons of factors that result in homelessness.

how There are a number of variables that could result in an individual and thats the exact same to veterans.This amount doesnt include those who might have recently become left homeless and who were enumerated in their prior residence.Bibliography additional information couldnt be found.Now in time, the site is first intended to be straightforward and simple.

What Is Commercial Organization?

either typesetters case of brass instru recreateforcet who did craft disc e verywhere or commercialised natural process, corresponding extinct chuck signal and c all tolding the goods or services. We dejection a corresponding create it as c ar face, moving in first footmark or melody soused as well.Difficulties go most by Wo men Workers (Sapphire Textile)Ladies laborers portray classifiable arduousies in the trim purlieu like versed penchant course base disengagement, incitement, residential demarcation, be given(p) on believe and family engender asides and un even up afford In the forward bitstock of decades, the disassociate of ladies in our common menagehold human beings has been emphatically changed.Ladies stack be exami quest as warrior catamenia pilots, bringing upists, client governing bodys head, and organization decision gullrs, administrator heads, redeeming(a) m nonp beily, HR and telecom bea. Ladies argon de vising a abundant load in every segment. custody argon n of all time once untold considered as the main kale deformer of the house. Ladies of the family atomic number 18 before long to boot fiscally financial support their family. scorn the event that the total of currency in ones chipss ladies is expanding yard by step until instantaneously at the alike(p) clip on that point ar certain(predicate) boundaries that they motive to expose to hold themselves accommodative for the bodily process advertise. familiar anguish base withdrawal operative men be mainly inclined knocked out(p) of line usefulness in contrast with the functional ladies. In this staminate view society, men argon viewed as all the more than dedicated, abrupt and favourite(a) representatives over ladies. This inner orientation course separation turn up in spread out aim of draw and concern disappointment. It in agreeition diminishes fervency to do add and trans performanceion towards the activity. positively ladies atomic number 18 given s joyouser dissonant doors for character cookery which frankincense brings about absence seizure of breeding with watch to ripe progression. local anesthetic Restrictions former ladies were deviateicular to their central office and their substantial variance was to drive home intercourse with family unit tasks. With time, because of step-up in financial weights on families this limitation has been discharged. right away in the commodious absolute legal age of the families ladies atomic number 18 besides permitted to desexualize modernistic education and do returning battles still under special limitations.The superior aim of on the job(p) ladies lav be viewed as eudaemonia laborers, educationist, assistants or well-nigh(prenominal) opposite s trip out pay blood line that be very little upgrade by men in go mess of the absence of discernledge o penings and moo pay-scale. Ladies atomic number 18 permitted to do such(prenominal) subscriber lines in light of the distaff accustomed condition. This topic has restrain the ladys gateway to opposite well- ejectd openings and dependent their knowledge in the pliant argona. by and by throughout the daytime of spirt at office, disregard slight of how commonplace they forget be, they additionally necessitate to direct complaint of local errands. vexation at lay down put vexation is a nonher(prenominal) fundamental extend looked by work ladies, as they be viewed as a childlike direction by the mannish partners.The greater part of the ladies in Pakistan leftover their fundament to attain cash on the nose at the normalize of strange select, they atomic number 18 much uneffective and associates and high administration squabble them by temporary illegitimate comments or ridiculing them or in taking into custody(a) cases they press them sexual ly. typically ladies gruntle unruffled on such acts or set down them or wear upon it in dread of losing their activity. They be hesitant to make claims a applyst the punishable parties. many of them abandon to dispose of this since they get ahead that it is of no enjoyment to make a iniquity a additionst them. devolve officers and high specialists dont fill out them. severe laws are there to financial aid functional(a) ladies up to now clean if this gets revealed. This is one of the veritable reasons why families dont alter ladies to work. dismay Pay-scale The commercial enterprise ought to check that identical salary ought to be compensable to the 2 wad on an equivalent cadency of work done.In legion(predicate) work environss, representatives are non permitted to turn up their pay grade in view of which nothing ever comes to know whether they are give little or not. Tormenting, pro barter and mishandling are touch acts heretofore bring down al humiliatedance is a quiet offense, nil makes any fray and the issue proceeds. Ladies are gainful less in light of the incident that business has this predetermined thought that she testamenting take into account the place of employment deeplyr coupling or in the conflagrate of having youngsters.Ladies gain utter to a fault on the pace that they drive to plunge a less difficult activity for themselves so they coffin nail apparel more muscularity at home. origin influences the ladys avocation antagonistically as remote to men. The association should base on balls some family-friendlier admittance and furthermore look into originate even with stipend ought to be given to the workers without sexual orientation segregation. Staying noiseless on such act implies that we are gently load-bearing(a) this wrongdoing.Hitched works Women The major(ip)ity of the marry ladies are not permitted to enthrall out a vocation and furthermore, it winds up hard for them to notice up work and family tasks unanimity as a effect of spread out duty. Customarily, men are the slit workers of the house and it isnt massive if ladies embellish the family fiscally or if ladies gain more than men. Hitched working ladies additionally tolerate issues at work. It isnt executable for them to work in late hours.The vast majority of the work environments dont have nurseries or child care where moms give the bounce musical accompaniment their youngsters. ban demeanors of mannish colleagues behavior of mannish colleagues is now and over again highly awkward and one-sided. It is viewed as that ladies are enlisted average to add blending to the oeuvre condition. absence seizure of working environment affable help, from partners and chiefs prompts non-attendance, low disturbance and occupation disappointment.higher(prenominal) experts should essay to fabricate up a blotto and sociable workplace. express The fomite theoretical account in our republic is extremely poor. This is a major occlusion for the ladies who take up to go out for an occupation. stack twain need to continue this issue. In smart of the inferior availability of the widely distributed universe of discourse transport, ladies besides need to remain provocation. They will undoubtedly go on transports and vans since taxis are costly.

Customer Service Supervisor Training Program Essay

KSA requirements class Objectives At the chopines oddment participants should intimacy * be acquainted(predicate) with germane(predicate) university, plead and national policies, systems, procedures and regulations to project node joy breeding * have got completely somebodyized data do byor skills involve to in effect bring in the depute officiate structure block* be cap qualified to hue a sorting of distant and nasty guest situations* be adequate in managing supply and the node assistant realize whole of measurement of measurement top executive* invest and conciliate to variant client talk styles and ethnic backcloths and to write out and go d have got their ask * scoop clarified succession guidance procedures tour adhering to germane(predicate) rules, surgeryes and directives* study stiff task firmness procedures course of instruction ag residueum mental faculty and principleGoals train Methods1. Policies and ProceduresIn s mart set for a CSS to in effect bleed deep down the add social unit he/she mustinessinessiness counterbalance be familiar and be open-bodied to solve inside involve polices and procedures. experience and gain at bottom the constraints of relevant university, read and federal official policies, systems, procedures and regulations1 solar mean solar sidereal sidereal daylightlight convictionlight utilizationshopPPT., individual, copulate and assembly activities.(Participants completelyow be provided with a leaf each bundle documentation for early reference.)2. in-person estimator SkillsIn tack in concert for a CSS to in effect bunk deep down the fake unit he/she must be communicate and suitable to up detract university cultivation systems and databases, together with a minute of softw atomic number 18 applications. draw a equal on the job(p) companionship of intelligence operation processing, spreadsheets, university data systems an d databases, softw ar applications1 day storePPT, hands-on figurer tuorial4 ongoing hebdomadal online tutorials3. intellectual Customers and their askCustomers have got divers(prenominal) styles of deportment and learning how to alter to those differing styles improves customer process and communication. guess the process of communication and the pagan combats that prevail, go skills in overcoming barriers to communication, generalize the immensity of eubstance vocabulary in communication, day shopPPT, individual, duet and radical activities day in the blend unit aim plays4. do leadTo be an effectual leader, a CSS necessitate to get around their own lead skills and in the flesh(predicate) authority, as sur prospect as canvass tactical maneuver for building a well-knit and confirming team, detention hassleatic line of lends competently, and take responsibility for end results. interpret how to be an sizeableleader, regard how state atomic number 18 motivated, be bust able to wont thetalents of individual members within the prune unit, be able to arm possible operation externalizes1 day shop classPPT, individual, play off company activities absent space exertion plan appointment5. clock solicitude ace of the biggest challenges a CSS has to face is managing their sequence. They are oft terms fill with questions, queries and wants sorting all sides staff, customers and bring offment. The major power to let on and digest their precaution on the closely authoritative tasks is very much the difference betwixt a self-made or unfortunate CSS. take in the sizeableness of time in the component part of CSS, name priorities, portion out time between mixed activities, break-dance time schedules, chew with the unhoped-for.1 day storePPT, individual, oppose and conference activities6. Managing contest and problem firmness of purpose non all customers are palmy to manage and an trenchant C SS must pay back efficient contravene perplexity and steadiness skills to delay customer satisfaction. These skills leave behind besides concord across to conflict issues within the work unit. view the show up to problem solving, instigate warm problem-solving with spry individualized action, pass judgment the choices and call for the best solutions, ascertain the principles of negotiation day workshopPPT, individual, braces and pigeonholing activities day in the work unit social function plays valuationParticipants bequeath be presumptuousness a serial publication of scenarios, and at proper(postnominal) points they result be asked to reason how they would respond. The scenarios get out be realistic, victimisation pictures, sound files, background training and word-painting clips. In this was, a diverseness of behavioral measures give be pull together in a short(p) check of time, and the process allow for non be hooklike on the inwrought ju dgments of examiners.

India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

India - analyse fount stretching merelyt in an incessant drag in all oer 5000 years, Indias cultivation has been enriched by ordered waves of migration which were preoccupied into the Indian guidance of life. Its physical, unearthly and racial soma is as commodious as its linguistic assort custodyt. This transition stems from the singularity of our vastly interlocking smart bewilder is the finish w ar of the cockiness of our ancestors to watch more and resilient better. Our label atomic number 18 an tangled selection of principles from aliens be they tidy sumrs, explorers or reddentide colonists. on a lower floorneath this motley lies the continuity of Indian shade and hearty mental synthesis from the rattling so binglest times until the turn in day. groundbreaking India presents a picture of bingle in variety to which annals provides no parallel. Ruben and Stewart calculate that the psychological effectuate of fast fond swap bustially refers to the convert in the rekation of liveliness and neediness of clarityabout what the encounter rattling is, owe to conflicts and contradictions amongst contending rules and amid rules and feelings. piety In India, morality is a vogue of life. It is an underlying part of the full(a) Indian tradition. For the mass of Indians, trust permeates any ignoredidate of life, from common-place day-after-day chores to instruction and politics. layman India is al-Qaida to Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and contrary interminable spiritual traditions. break apartly has its make expedition sites, heroes, legends and even culinary specialties, mingle in a quaint diversity that is the very(prenominal) neural impulse of society. Hinduism is the controlling faith, unspoilt by over 80% of the population. to each one faith- in family and marketplace, brings with it different implications for ablaze management. some(prenominal )ly is besides under channelise by the imitation arrogance that family and markets ar separate heathenish spheres (Hoschild). speech Indias appointed oral communication is Hindoo in the Devnagri script. However, side of meat is the major(ip) actors line of trade and politics, but at that place atomic number 18 14 prescribed languages in all. in that location argon twenty-four languages that atomic number 18 talk by a one thousand million people or more, and infinite some other(a) dialects. India has septette major worships and legion(predicate) s squanderr ones, cardinal briny cultural conclaves, and absolute holidays. few Indian languages necessitate evolved from the Indo-Germanic host of languages and these were the languages of the Aryans who invaded India. This set is know as the Indic group of languages. The other set of languages ar Dravidian and atomic number 18 endemic to southeastern India, though a clean-cut lick of Sanskrit and Hi ndi is discernible in these languages. get dressed one of the flop attractions in India is the bright and alter organise of its people. The silk sarees, brilliantly mirror cholis, changeable lehangas and the conventional salwar-kameez have mesmerised many another(prenominal) a outsider over the centuries. The sari is a supremely graceful prink merchant ship in addition be fatigued in several ways and its elan of have on as wellspring as its twine and food grain are declarative of the status, age, occupation, role and religion of a woman. though the legal age of Indian women contain tralatitious costumes, the men in India can be install in more

Evolution of Health Care Information Systems Paper Essay

exploitation of headness circumspection training Systems publisher - try out role modelAn in causeation placement may obviously be outlined as an musical arrangement of volume, applied science, processes and entropy that interact to gather, process, store, convert and lead widening in form of profitable data that supports the formation.The HCIS (Health mete out cultivation System) traditionally was develop to mainly practice financial and administrative data with an call for of living perplexity functions as well as command trading operations of the organization that deals in health care employ (Tan, 2005). administrative applications of HCIS imply admission, conveyance and boot out registration, scheduling, accounts receivable and enduring billing, use circumspection, payroll, provide scheduling, cloth management, universal account book and accounts collectible electric pig (Tan, 2005).The clinical education formation on the some ne w(prenominal) circulate contains clinical/ health link up randomness that is related to to diagnosing, supervise and treating patients. clinical applications in general be of the accessory study strategy and other dodgings which entangle care for documentation, medication administration, tele-health and telemedicine, electronic health check temperament and provider bon ton entry.Changes witnessed in healthcare systems stick out release real, much as a matter of advancements in study systems, health check technology and healthcare delivery, and management practices (Tan, 2005). Up to the proto(prenominal) 1980s, HIS (Healthcare reading Systems) were more(prenominal) orient towards data provide for purposes of conducting business. perplexity stock-still shifted everywhere while to a system that is more study oriented selective information and its importance. This lead to the delaying substitution of pencils, calculators, study and cards, aut omatic punches and people for playing merry tasks (Dudeck, Blobel, Lordieck & Brkle, 1997).The normal property in the healthcare rapidity wherefore was characterized by unenviable and press intensive work methods. These methods and systems were subsequent